BS EN 14048-2002 包装.在水介质中包装材料的最终需氧生物降解性的测定.封闭式呼吸机需氧量的测量方法
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【英文标准名称】:Packaging-Determinationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityofpackagingmaterialsinanaqueousmedium-Methodbymeasuringtheoxygendemandinaclosedrespirometer
【原文标准名称】:包装.在水介质中包装材料的最终需氧生物降解性的测定.封闭式呼吸机需氧量的测量方法
【标准号】:BSEN14048-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2003-09-12
【实施或试行日期】:2003-09-12
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:生物降解能力;定义;降解能力;降解;环境;环境可持续性;评估;包装手段;测量;方法;氧;包装件;包装;包装材料;包装用具;污染控制;呼吸计;规范(验收);测试;利用;废弃物
【英文主题词】:Biodegradability;Definition;Definitions;Degradability;Degradation;Environment;Environmentalsustainability;Evaluations;Meansofpackaging;Measurement;Methods;Oxygen;Packages;Packaging;Packagingmaterial;Packagingmeans;Pollutioncontrol;Respirometers;Specification(approval);Testing;Utilization;Wastes
【摘要】:ThisstandardspecifiesamethodtoevaluatetheultimatebiodegradabilityofpackagingmaterialsanditsconstituentsbymeasurementofO2-consumption.
【中国标准分类号】:A80
【国际标准分类号】:55_020
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforNondestructiveDetectionofLeaksinPackagesbyVacuumDecayMethod
【原文标准名称】:用真空衰变法的包装紧密性无损检验的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMF2338-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F02.40
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absolutepressuretransducer;barrierperformance;block;criteriaparameters;differentialpressuretransducer;flexiblepackaging;foodpackages;gaugepressuretransducer;holeleaks;holes;leaks;liquidleaks;mask;medicalpackages;non-destructive
【摘要】:Leaksinmedicaldevice,pharmaceutical,andfoodpackagesmayresultintheingressofunwantedgases(mostcommonlyoxygen),harmfulmicrobiological,orparticulatecontaminants.Packageleaksmayappearasimperfectionsinthepackagecomponentsthemselvesoratthesealjuncturebetweenmatedcomponents.Theabilitytodetectleaksisnecessarytoensureconsistencyandintegrityofpackages.Afterinitialset-upandcalibration,individualtestoperationmaybesemi-automatic,automatic,ormanual.Thetestmethodpermitsnon-destructivedetectionofleaksnotvisiblydetectable.Thetestmethoddoesnotrequiretheintroductionofanyextraneousmaterialsorsubstances,suchasdyesorgases.However,itisimportanttophysicallymaskorblockoffanypackageporousbarriersurfaceduringthetesttopreventrapidlossofchambervacuumresultingprimarilyfromgasmigrationthroughtheporoussurface.Leakdetectionisbasedsolelyontheabilitytodetectthechangeinpressureinsidethetestchamberresultingfromgasorvaporegressfromapackagechallengedwithvacuum.Thistestisausefulresearchtoolforoptimizingpackagesealingparametersandforcomparativelyevaluatingvariouspackagesandmaterials.Thistestmethodisalsoapplicabletoproductionsettingsasitisrapid,non-invasive,andnon-destructive,makingitusefulforeither100%on-linetestingortoperformtestsonastatisticalsamplingfromtheproductionoperation.Leaktestresultsthatexceedthepermissiblelimitsforthevacuumdecaytestareindicatedbyaudibleorvisualsignalresponses,orboth.1.1TestPackages8212;Packagesthatcanbenondestructivelyevaluatedbythistestmethodinclude:1.1.1Rigidandsemi-rigidnon-liddedtrays.1.1.2Traysorcupssealedwithporousbarrierliddingmaterial.1.1.3Rigid,nonporouspackages.1.1.4Flexible,nonporouspackages.1.2LeaksDetected8212;Thistestmethoddetectspackageleaksbymeasuringtheriseinpressure(vacuumloss)inanenclosedevacuatedtestchambercontainingthetestpackage.Vacuumlossresultsfromleakageoftestpackageheadspacegasesand/orvolatilizationoftestpackageliquidcontentslocatedinorneartheleak.Whentestingforleaksthatmaybepartiallyorcompletelypluggedwiththepackagex2019;sliquidcontents,thetestchamberisevacuatedtoapressurebelowtheliquidx2019;svaporizationpressure.Allmethodsrequireatestchambertocontainthetestpackageandaleakdetectionsystemdesignedwithoneormorepressuretransducers.Testmethodsensitivitiescitedbelowweredeterminedusingspecificproduct-packagesystemsselectedfortheprecisionandbiasstudiessummarizedinTable1.Table1alsolistsotherexamplesofrelevantproduct-packagesystemsthatcanbetestedforleakagebyvacuumdecay.1.2.1TraysorCups(Non-lidded)(AirLeakage)8212;Holeorcrackdefectsinthewallofthetray/cupofatleast50x03BC;mindiametercanbedetected.NonliddedtraysweretestedataTargetVacuumofx2013;4x00B7;E4Pa(x2013;400mbar).1.2.2TraysSealedwithPorousBarrierLiddingMaterial(HeadspaceGasLeakage)8212;Holeorcrackdefectsinthewallofthetray/cupofatleast100x03BC;mindiametercanbedetected.Channeldefectsinthesealarea(madeusingwiresof125【英文标准名称】:Animalandvegetablefatsandoils-Determinationofmoistureandvolatilemattercontent(ISO662:1998);GermanversionENISO662:2000
【原文标准名称】:动植物脂肪和油脂.水分和挥发物含量测定
【标准号】:DINENISO662-2001
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2001-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;含量测定;脂肪;含水量;动物油;油;挥发物测定;动物脂肪;植物油;食品;植物脂肪
【英文主题词】:Animalfats;Animaloils;Definition;Definitions;Determinationofcontent;Fats;Foodproducts;Moisturecontents;Oils;Testing;Vegetablefats;Vegetableoils;Volatilematterdetermination
【摘要】:Thedocumentspecifiestwomethodsforthedetermination,bydrying,ofthemoistureandvolatilemattercontentofanimalorvegetablefatsandoils.MethodB,usingasandbathorhotplateandmethodB,usingadryingoven.MethodAisapplicabletoallfatsandoils.MethodBisapplicableonlytonon-dryingfatsandoilswithanacidvaluelessthan4.Undernocircumstancesshouldlauricoilsbeanalysedbythismethod.
【中国标准分类号】:X14
【国际标准分类号】:67_200_10
【页数】:9P;A4
【正文语种】:德语
